These problems can discourage clinicians from learning to create graphs that would be effective for data analysis and presentation. The default settings of commonly available programs (e.g., Microsoft Excel) lead beginners to create graphs that can make data interpretation difficult by adding unconventional color schemes, three-dimensional effects, and shadows. Some graphing programs provide additional functionality that makes graphing easier however, those programs may be expensive and less widely available (e.g., GraphPad Prism, Sigma Plot). For example, searching “add phase lines” in Microsoft Excel provides no results applicable to adding phase lines to a graph. Second, the user may find it difficult to locate assistance in the help functions of these software packages because they are rarely designed explicitly for the behavior analyst's needs. First, it can be difficult to find tools or features within graphing and spreadsheet programs that create common components of behavior-analytic graphs (e.g., a button for adding phase lines). Although well-designed graphs can be useful tools for the behavior-analytic clinician, the skills required to create the graphs may be difficult to master for a number of reasons.
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